Thermoelectric generators are
devices which convert temperature differences into electrical energy. The
principle phenomenon that underpins thermoelectric energy generation is known
as the Seebeck effect: the conversion of a temperature differential into electricity
at the junction of two materials.
To
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Although thermoelectric phenomena
have been used for heating and cooling applications quite extensively,
electricity generation has only seen very limited market in niche applications
and it is only in recent years that interest has increased regarding new
applications of energy generation through thermoelectric harvesting.
The new applications are varied and
the vertical markets benefiting from new devices range from condition
monitoring in industrial environments, smart metering in energy market
segments, to thermoelectric applications in vehicles, either terrestrial or
other.
This report gives an overview of
devices, materials and manufacturing processes, with a specific focus on
emerging technologies that allow for new functionality, form factor and
application in various demanding environments. Whether it is operation in high
temperatures or corrosive environments, applications with increased safety
demands or components that need to be thin, flexible, or even stretchable,
there is a lot of research and development work worldwide which is highlighted.
Source: IDTechEx
Included in the report are
interviews with potential adopters of thermoelectric energy harvesters and
their views of the impact that the technology could have over their respective
industries. Some of the application sectors include:
Waste
heat recovery systems in vehicles: A large number of car companies, including
Volkswagen, VOLVO, FORD and BMW in collaboration with NASA have been developing
thermoelectric waste heat recovery systems in-house, each achieving different
types of performance but all of them expecting to lead to improvements of 3-5%
in fuel economy while the power generated out of these devices could
potentially reach up to 1200W.
Wireless sensor network adoption.
Wireless sensors powered by thermogenerators in environments where temperature
differentials exist would lead to avoiding issues with battery lifetime and
reliability. It would also lead to the ability to move away from wired sensors,
which are still the solution of choice when increased reliability of
measurement is necessary. Some applications have low enough power demands to
operate with small temperature differentials, as small as a few degrees in some
cases. These types of developments increase adoption trends.
Consumer
applications: In these applications, the type of solution that thermogenerators
provide varies: it could be related to saving energy when cooking by utilising
thermo-powered cooking sensors, powering mobile phones, watches or other
consumer electronics, even body sensing could become more widespread with
sensory wristbands, clothing or athletic apparel that monitor vitals such as
heart rate, body temperature, etc.
Finally, utilising solid assumptions
based on the knowledge acquired through extensive primary research and the
understanding of the way existing and new markets develop over time, 10-year
IDTechEx market forecasts are included in the report.
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